Phetiso ea motlakase oa Ultra-high-voltage Chaena

Phetisetso ea motlakase oa Ultra-high-voltage (UHV motlakase transmission) esale e sebelisoa Chaena ho tloha ka 2009 ho fetisa motlakase oa hona joale (AC) le oa hona joale o tobileng (DC) maetong a malelele a arolang mehloli ea matla a China le bareki.Katoloso ea matla a AC le DC e ntse e tsoela pele molemong oa ho tsamaisana le litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso ha ho ntse ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea phetisetso.Dintlafatso tsa ho ntsha carbonization di tla hlaha ka lebaka la ho nkelwa sebaka ha tlhahiso e tlase e sebetsang hantle, e haufi le lebopo, ka tlhahiso ya sejwalejwale e sebetsang hantle haholo e nang le tshilafalo e nyane haufi le mehlodi ya eneji.

Ka morao

Ho tloha ka 2004, tšebeliso ea motlakase Chaena e ntse e hola ka sekhahla se neng se e-so ka se bonoa ka lebaka la kholo e potlakileng ea makala a indasteri.Khaello e kholo ea phepelo ka 2005 e amme ts'ebetso ea lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa China.Ho tloha ka nako eo, China e tsetetse ka matla phepelong ea motlakase e le ho phethahatsa tlhokahalo e tsoang liindastering mme ka hona e bolokehe kholo ea moruo.Matla a ho hlahisa matla a kentsoeng a qalile ho tloha ho 443 GW qetellong ea 2004 ho ea ho 793 GW qetellong ea 2008. Keketseho ea lilemo tsena tse 'nè e lekana le hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea matla a United States, kapa makhetlo a 1.4 ho feta palo eohle ea matla a United States. Japane.Nakong eona eo ea nako, tšebeliso ea matla ka selemo e boetse e nyolohile ho tloha ho 2,197 TWh ho ea ho 3,426 TWh. Tšebeliso ea motlakase ea Chaena e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho 6,800–6,900 TWh ka 2018 ho tloha 4,690 TWh ka 2011, le matla a kentsoeng a fihlang ho 1,463 GW ho tloha 1,463 GW. ka 2011, eo 342 GW e leng matla a metsi, 928 GW e chesitsoeng ka mashala, moea oa 100 GW, nyutlelie ea 43GW, le khase ea tlhaho ea 40GW.China ke naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e sebelisang motlakase ka 2011.

Phetiso le kabo

Ka lehlakoreng la phetiso le kabo, naha e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho atoloseng bokhoni le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ka:

1. ho tsamaisa phetiso ea nako e telele ea Ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) le ultra-high-voltage alternating current (UHVAC)

2.ho kenya li-transformer tsa tšepe tsa amorphous tse sebetsang hantle haholo

Phetiso ea UHV lefatšeng ka bophara

Phetiso ea UHV le lipotoloho tse 'maloa tsa UHVAC li se li hahiloe likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e.Ka mohlala, 2,362 km ea li-circuits tsa 1,150 kV li hahiloe ho USSR ea mehleng, 'me 427 km ea li-circuits tsa 1,000 kV AC li entsoe Japane (Kita-Iwaki powerline).Mela ea liteko ea litekanyo tse fapaneng e boetse e fumanoa linaheng tse ngata.Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lithapo tsena hajoale li sebetsa ka matla a tlase ka lebaka la tlhokahalo e sa lekaneng ea motlakase kapa mabaka a mang.Ho na le mehlala e fokolang ea UHVDC.Leha ho na le lipotoloho tse ngata tsa ±500 kV (kapa ka tlase) lefatšeng ka bophara, li-circuits tse sebetsang kaholimo ho moeli ona ke sistimi ea phepelo ea motlakase ea Hydro-Québec ho 735 kV AC (ho tloha ka 1965, bolelele ba 11 422 km ka 2018) le Itaipu ± Morero oa 600 kV naheng ea Brazil.Naheng ea Russia, mosebetsi oa kaho oa mohala o bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 2400 oa bipolar ± 750 kV DC, HVDC Ekibastuz-Centre e qalile ka 1978 empa ha ea ka ea fela.USA maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1970 ho ne ho reriloe mohala oa motlakase oa 1333 kV ho tloha Celilo Converter Station ho ea Letamong la Hoover.Bakeng sa morero ona ho ile ha ahoa mohala o mokhutšoane oa liteko oa motlakase haufi le Celilo Converter Station, empa mohala o eang Letamong la Hoover ha oa ka oa hahuoa.

Mabaka a phetiso ea UHV naheng ea China

Qeto ea China ea ho ea phetisong ea UHV e ipapisitse le taba ea hore mehloli ea matla e hole le litsi tsa phano.Boholo ba mehloli ea matla a metsi e ka bophirimela, 'me mashala a ka leboea-bophirimela, empa thepa e kholo e ka bochabela le boroa.Ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea phetisetso ho isa boemong bo laolehang, phetiso ea UHV ke khetho e utloahalang.Joalo ka ha State Grid Corporation ea China e phatlalalitse Sebokeng sa Machabeng sa 2009 sa Phetiso ea Motlakase oa UHV Beijing, China e tla tsetela RMB 600 bilione (e ka bang US$88 bilione) ho nts'etsopele ea UHV lipakeng tsa hajoale le 2020.

Ho kengoa ts'ebetsong ha marang-rang a UHV ho thusa kaho ea lifeme tse ncha, tse hloekileng, tse sebetsang hantle haholo tse fehlang motlakase hole le libaka tsa baahi.Litsi tsa khale tsa motlakase tse haufi le lebōpo li tla be li tlohetsoe.Sena se tla theola kakaretso ea hona joale ea tšilafalo, hammoho le tšilafalo e utluoang ke baahi ba lulang litoropong.Tšebeliso ea limela tse kholo tsa motlakase tse bohareng tse fanang ka mocheso oa motlakase le tsona ha li silafatse ho feta li-boilers ka bomong tse sebelisetsoang ho futhumatsa mariha malapeng a mangata a ka leboea.Letlapa la UHV le tla thusa morero oa Chaena oa ho kenya motlakase le ho tlosa carbon, le ho nolofalletsa ho kopanya matla a tsosolositsoeng ka ho tlosa bothata ba phetiso eo. ha joale e ntse e fokotsa katoloso ea matla a ho fehla moea le letsatsi ha e ntse e tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele 'maraka oa likoloi tsa nako e telele tsa motlakase China.

Li-circuits tsa UHV li phethiloe kapa li ntse li hahuoa

Ho tloha ka 2021, li-circuits tsa UHV tse sebetsang ke:

 

Lithapo tsa UHV tse ntseng li tsoela pele ka ho haha ​​​​ke:

 

Khang ka UHV

Ho na le phehisano mabapi le hore na kaho e sisintsoeng ke State Grid Corporation ea Chaena ke leano la ho ba mong le ho loants'a phetoho ea marang-rang a motlakase.

Pele ho Tumellano ea Paris, e entseng hore ho hlokahale hore ho felisoe mashala, oli le khase, ho bile le likhang mabapi le UHV ho tloha ka 2004 ha State Grid Corporation ea Chaena e hlahisa maikutlo a kaho ea UHV.Khang e ntse e lebisitsoe ho UHVAC ha khopolo ea ho haha ​​UHVDC e amohetsoe ke batho ba bangata.Litaba tseo ho phehisanoang khang ka tsona haholo ke tse 'nè tse thathamisitsoeng ka tlase.

1. Litaba tsa ts'ireletso le ts'epahalo: Ka khaho ea mehala ea phetiso ea UHV e ntseng e eketseha, marang-rang a motlakase ho potoloha naha eohle a hokahantsoe ka matla le ho feta.Haeba kotsi e etsahala moleng o le mong, ho thata ho fokotsa tšusumetso sebakeng se senyenyane.Sena se bolela hore menyetla ea ho tima e ntse e phahama.Hape, e ka 'na ea hlaseloa habonolo ke bokhukhuni.
   
2. Taba ea 'maraka: Lithapo tse ling tsohle tsa phetiso ea UHV lefatšeng ka bophara hajoale li sebetsa ka matla a tlase hobane ha ho na tlhokahalo e lekaneng.Monyetla oa phetiso ea sebaka se selelele o hloka lipatlisiso tse tebileng.Le hoja boholo ba mehloli ea mashala e le ka leboea-bophirimela, ho thata ho haha ​​litsi tsa matla a mashala moo hobane li hloka metsi a mangata 'me seo ke mohloli o haellang ka leboea-bophirimela ho Chaena.Hape ka nts'etsopele ea moruo ka bophirima ho China, tlhoko ea motlakase e ntse e eketseha lilemong tsena.
3. Litaba tsa tikoloho le katleho: Litsebi tse ling li pheha khang ea hore lithapo tsa UHV li ke ke tsa boloka mobu o mongata ha o bapisoa le ho aha literene tse eketsehileng bakeng sa ho eketseha ha lipalangoang tsa mashala le ho fehla motlakase sebakeng seo. sitisoa.Taba e 'ngoe ke bokhoni ba phetisetso.Ho sebelisa mocheso o kopantsoeng le matla qetellong ea mosebedisi ho sebetsa hantle ho feta ho sebelisa matla a tsoang lithapong tse telele tsa phetiso.
   
4. Taba ea moruo: Kakaretso ea matsete e hakanngoa hore e ka ba 270 bilione RMB (e ka bang US $ 40 limilione tse likete), e leng theko e boima haholo ho feta ho haha ​​​​seporo se secha bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa mashala.

Kaha UHV e fana ka monyetla oa ho fetisetsa matla a tsosolositsoeng ho tloha libakeng tse hōle tse nang le menyetla e mengata ea ho kenya lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa matla a moea le photovoltaics.SGCC e bua ka bokhoni bo ka bang teng ba matla a moea a 200 GW sebakeng sa Xinjiang.

Sichuan D&F Electric Co.,Ltd.joalo ka moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya motlakase, likarolo tsa sebopeho sa motlakase, bara ea libese ea laminated, bara ea libese e thata ea koporo le bar ea libese e tenyetsehang, re e mong oa barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba likarolo tsa ho kenya letsoho le maballo a libese a laminated bakeng sa merero ena ea phetisetso ea UHVDC ea mmuso.Ho fumana lintlha tse ling, ka kopo etela sebaka sa ka sa marang-rang bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka lihlahisoa.